Dynamic Skip Fire
DSF® technology delivers 5-15% efficiency gains in passenger vehicles
How Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF®) works
DSF根据每个事件动态地跳过或点燃单个汽缸，以满足发动机所要求的扭矩. 通过使用专利算法仔细控制燃烧事件的数量和顺序, engine operation occurs near peak efficiency, creating a software-controlled variable displacement engine. 森林舞会游戏的算法避免了噪音和振动的产生，在所有驾驶条件下都能给司机提供预期的改进水平.
DSF® in real world situations
When high torque is needed, DSF® activates all cylinders.
As torque demand moderates, cylinders are dynamically skipped based on demand.
At slower speeds, maximum fuel efficiency is maintained by skipping more cylinders, even skipping all cylinders during deceleration.
How DSF is implemented
Software in Engine Control Module
Cylinder Deactivation Hardware
Tula’s DSF works with most deactivation valvetrains
DSF relies on individual cylinder deactivation. 每个钢瓶着火或漏火需要由能够停用的进气阀和排气阀控制.
Valve deactivation can be through hydraulic or electromechanical means.
DSF具有卓越的价值主张，目前道路上有超过200万辆装有DSF的汽车证明了这一点
Tula has developed one of the “essential technologies
for reaching fuel efficiency mandates”
Click to learn more about Tula and our dedication to a cleaner Earth
Diesel Dynamic Skip Fire
Dynamic Skip Fire for Diesel Engines (dDSF™)使柴油发动机既清洁又环保
How Diesel Dynamic Skip Fire (dDSF™) works
森林舞会游戏的dDSF技术使用专利算法仔细控制柴油发动机中燃烧事件的数量和顺序，以确保发动机在接近峰值效率的情况下运行. Due to the higher cylinder load, dDSF还可以提高废气温度，以继续保持后处理系统处于工作温度, especially under low-load conditions.
dDSF™ in real world situations
When high torque is needed, dDSFTM activates all cylinders.
As torque demand moderates, cylinders are dynamically skipped based on demand.
At slower speeds, maximum fuel efficiency is maintained by skipping more cylinders, even skipping all cylinders during deceleration.
Simultaneous CO2 and NOx benefits from optimal combustion
and greater conversion efficiency
Engine Controls
Temperatures
and NOx Reduction
Optimal Combustion
Reduced CO2
dDSF通过以最有效的空气燃料比发射所有事件来提高燃油效率, allowing optimal combustion at all engine output levels.
Conversion Efficiency
Reduced NOX
汽缸停用可减少发动机过量气流，提高排气温度. 这样可以更有效地转化催化剂中的污染物并减少NOx - at the same aftertreatment system cost.
Test results show 74% NOx and 5% CO2 reduction
Results shown are mapped for appropriate firing densities. 涡轮出口温度的改善是显著的，允许有效的后处理控制.
Valve Train Deactivation Mechanizations for Diesel Engines
Deactivation
Finger Follower
Deactivation
Rocker Arm
Deactivation
Pushrod Cartridge
Deactivation
Valve Bridge
Deactivation
Roller Lifter
全球对重型柴油NO的监管越来越严格X and CO2 emissions. dDSF simultaneously reduces NOX and CO2 emissions at a low cost.
Tula has developed one of the essential technologies
for reaching fuel efficiency mandates
Click to learn more about Tula and our dedication to a cleaner Earth
Hybrid++
How Hybrid++ works
HYBRID++ is a simplified, patented all-cylinder deactivation controls technology, 适用于P0或P1轻度混合动力汽车，以实现协同燃油效率的提高和显著的有毒气体排放的减少.
HYBRID++™ in real world situations
所有气缸在高速公路合并和混合动力电机提供扭矩辅助.
在低速巡航时，电动机可以在所有气缸停用的情况下推动车辆
解除油门踏板导致所有气缸停用，使更多的恢复. No air pumped into the exhaust.
Hybrid++ eliminates pumping losses during coast and overrun conditions. Because air doesn’t get pumped into the exhaust during deactivation, Hybrid++还显著减少了净化催化剂产生的有害排放
CO2 reduction
Tula’s research findings on Dynamic Skip Fire
for Hybrid Powertrains
Click to learn more about Tula and our dedication to a cleaner Earth
DSF and 48V mild-hybrid synergies enable better fuel economy at lower cost
How eDSF works
eDSF将汽缸停用与车辆电气化协同结合，以增加DSF的工作范围. By countering engine torque with motor torque at appropriate fires and skips, eDSF enables smoother operation and expansion of the DSF fly zone.
eDSF™ in real world situations
During highway cruising, 电动机的扭矩补充了发动机，使其能够在更少的气缸上点火
At low to medium loads, 由于扭矩平滑和扭矩辅助，扩大了操作范围，使eDSF能够平稳高效地运行.
增强的能量回收:eDSF关闭所有气缸(称为减速切断DCCO)，允许混合动力系统通过再生充分捕获动能，而不会造成发动机制动损失.
Electrification enables smoother torque
eDSF使用现有的混合动力电机来平滑箕斗操作的扭矩脉冲
DSF operating range is increased
电机扭矩平滑和扭矩辅助扩展了有用的射击密度范围.
The combination of torque assist into DSF, 增加的再生能力和扭矩平滑使eDSF能够提供超过DSF和轻度混合动力单独提供的增益. eDSF is truly a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts.
Advanced Technologies
DSF与多种先进的发动机和车辆技术协同工作，如米勒循环和阿特金森循环发动机, 压缩天然气和其他替代燃料，以及联网和自动驾驶汽车.
Advanced Combustion
Miller-cycle engines hold fuel economy promise, but on a stand-alone basis are limited by efficiency-performance trade-offs
DSF®与这种先进的发动机燃烧策略协同工作，在应对挑战的同时加强其优势.
在独立的基础上，mDSF将米勒循环发动机的燃油效率提高了一倍以上, while lowering the cost per percent improvement.
How mDSF works
mDSF将DSF与米勒循环发动机相结合，进一步增加了每个气缸的高火力点火选择, 在不牺牲驾驶性能的情况下，低燃烧和跳跃匹配扭矩需求.
使用mDSF的动态电荷管理具有协同效益，超过了DSF和米勒循环发动机单独提供的效益.
CO2 reduction
toxic emissions
noise, vibration, harshness
Tula’s research and development publications on
advanced applications using DSF®
Click to learn more about Tula and our dedication to a cleaner Earth
Only a few years ago, self-driving cars were considered science-fiction
Today, autonomous cars are a rapidly evolving technology. 这些车辆被设计为彼此之间以及与云基础设施之间的无线连接, providing the engine controller actionable information about vehicle position, traffic, terrain, obstacles, traffic light changes, and more.
How DSF works in tandem with Autonomous
图中的蓝色曲线说明了一个典型的快速加速驾驶循环, slowdowns, braking and stops. 橙色曲线代表的是能够预测交通信号和其他障碍物的自动驾驶汽车.
aDSF不仅优化了自动驾驶循环，还优化了驾驶循环本身，从而显著提高了燃油效率. Moreover, autonomous cars can be fully unoccupied at various times, unconstrained by noise, vibration and harshness issues, leading to further aDSF efficiency benefits.
CO2 reduction
Drive Cycle
The ARPA-E NEXTCAR Project
Connected and Autonomous Vehicle collaboration
Tula’s research and development publications on
advanced applications using Autonomous
Click to learn more about Tula and our dedication to a cleaner Earth
Alternative Fuels
森林舞会游戏的DSF控制策略可以应用于使用替代燃料的发动机, both improving powertrain efficiency and reducing harmful emissions
According to U.S. Energy Information Administration, 在交通运输领域，替代燃料的增长速度预计将远远快于石油. With DSF for gasoline, diesel, and alternative fuels, plus DMD technology for electric vehicles, 森林舞会游戏准备在未来几十年进一步改善排放和成本效益.
交通运输部门消耗的少量石油和替代燃料(AEO2020参考案例)千万亿英热单位
